| 1 |
What is the primary role of transition metal ion catalysts in the catalytic ozonation process for nanoplastic removal?
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To increase the pH of the solution |
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จากงานวิจัยหัวข้อ 3.1. Nanoplastics single ozonation กล่าวว่าThis fact is in accordance with the turbidity measurement results. The initial turbidity of the reactions containing 20 mg L−1 of PSNPs were 82.3 ± 2 NTU, being decreased by 33, 39 and 17 % operating at pH0=3, unadjusted pH (pH0 ̴ 5) and pH0=10, respectively (see Fig. S2 of Supplementary Material). In addition, it must be noted that the turbidity even slightly increased operating at pH0=10, probably due to the formation of PS intermediates that cause turbidity to the aqueous reaction medium. แสดงว่าเมื่อเพิ่มค่าpHถึง10 ปฎิกิริยาจะทำงานได้ดี
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งานวิจัยที่สนับสนุนแนวคิด Enhancing nanoplastics removal by metal ion-catalyzed ozonation
ของJulia Nieto-Sandoval
Reyhan Ammar
Carmen Sans
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| 2 |
According to the article, what was the observed effect of using Co2+ at 1 mM on the mineralization rate of polystyrene nanoplastics during ozonation?
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Increased mineralization rate by 70% |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 กล่าวว่า in the presence of Co2+ (1 mM), the highest PSNPs ozonation performance was achieved, decreasing the turbidity up to 65 % and achieving 70 % of mineralization in the same ozonation time. แสดงให้เห็นว่าอัตราการเกิดแร่เมื่อมีCo+2ที่1mMจะเพิ่มอัตราการเกิดแร่ได้
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งานวิจัยจากข้อ1 หัวข้อAbstract
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| 3 |
In the context of nanoplastics removal, what does the scavenger experiment with methanol demonstrate about the catalytic ozonation process?
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Methanol acts as an alternative catalyst |
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เนื่องจากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 กล่าวว่าTo get further insights, the mechanism of this system for the removal of PSNPs was evaluated. Thus, methanol at 50 mM was used as scavenger in the catalytic ozonation reaction since it can quickly react with •OH radicals (second order kinetic constant value of 7·108 M–1 s–1) [
52
]. In this sense, turbidity reduction was followed in the single ozonation and cobalt-catalysed ozonation in the presence of methanol and pH 3 (see Fig. S5 of Supplementary Material), since the presence of the scavenger can interfere in the TOC measurement.ซึ่งสื่อให้เห็นว่าmethano;เป็นตัวเร่งปฎิกิริยา
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 หัวข้อ Cobalt-catalyzed ozonation of PSNPs
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| 4 |
If the initial concentration of nanoplastics is 20 mg/L and the catalytic ozonation achieves a 70% mineralization rate, what is the concentration of remaining nanoplastics?
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5 mg/L |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 กล่าวว่าThe initial PSNPs concentration was established at 20 mg L−1 and the initial ozone concentration was varied from 0.5 to 5 mg L−1, adding the corresponding aliquot from the ozone stock solution. The reaction vials were let 12 h in dark conditions to guarantee the completely consumption of ozone. ซึ่งอาจจะสื่อได้ว่าความเข้มข้นของนาโนพลาสติดที่เหลืออาจจะเหลือที่5Mg/Lได้เช่นกัน
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งานวิจัยดังข้อ1 หัวข้อ2.2. Ozonation experiments
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| 5 |
Given an ozone flow rate of 0.5 NL/min and an ozonation time of 120 minutes, how much ozone (in grams) has been used if the ozone concentration is 10 mg/NL?
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0.6 grams |
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| 6 |
If reducing the turbidity of water by catalytic ozonation with Co2+ from 100 NTU to 35 NTU represents a 65% reduction, what was the original turbidity?
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100 NTU |
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| 7 |
What is a major benefit of catalytic ozonation over single ozonation in water treatment?
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It is less effective at removing nanoplastics |
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| 8 |
Which of the following is NOT a transition metal ion used as a catalyst in the study?
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Ca2+ |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 ไม่มีการพูดถึงCa2+เลย
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1
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| 9 |
What environmental issue does the removal of nanoplastics address?
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Reduction of water pollution |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 ได้กล่าวถึงการกัดจัดนาโนพลาสติกเพื่อแก้ปัญหาทางน้ำ
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งานวิจัยดังข้อ1
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| 10 |
What analytical technique is NOT mentioned as used for monitoring the degradation of nanoplastics?
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Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) |
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ในงานวิจัยดังข้อ1 กล่าวถึงการวัดความขุ่น และ TOC และGPC ไม่ได้ถูกกล่าวถึงในนั้น
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งานวิจัยดังข้อ1
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| 11 |
What effect does the melt fiber spinning system have on the crystallinity of PET fibers?
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It increases the crystallinity significantly. |
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เส้นใยPET ต้องตกผลึกเพื่อที่จะผลิต
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จากงานวิจัยAn efficient and scalable melt fiber spinning system to improve enzyme-based PET recycling
ของMatthew Colachis
Nathan Clark
Ashley Frank
Edward B. Trigg
Colin Hinton
Greg Gregoriades
Vance Gustin
Ryan Daly
Rachel Thurston
Bryon Moore
Katarzyna H. Kucharzyk
Jacob L. Lilly
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| 12 |
What role does the spooling speed play in the fiber spinning system described in the article?
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Higher spooling speeds lead to lower crystallinity and smaller fiber diameters. |
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งานวิจัยดังข้อ11 กล่าวว่า The effect of pre-processing treatment on the resulting PET properties was investigated. This included determining the extruded and spooled PET crystallinity and fiber diameter as a function of spooler speed and drop distance of 9 inches and 18 inches.
Fig. 3
shows results of fiber crystallinity (left) and fiber diameter (right) as a function of spooler speed and drop distance. First, a no-spooling control run (0 RPM) was performed by extruding both water bottle and drinking cup material and allowing the melt to drip directly onto a stationary spool and then cool for several hours before measuring crystallinity with DSC. As expected, there was no statistically significant difference in crystallinity between the extruded/spooled water bottles and drinking cups at 0 RPM with an 18 inches drop distance (p > 0.05).
ซึ่งรูปแสดงให้เห็นว่ายิ่งspooling speeds มากขึ้นจะมีเส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางเล็กลง
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11 หัวข้อEffect of spooler speed and drop distance on the PET fiber's crystallinity and diameter
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| 13 |
According to the article, what was the impact of using the LCC-ICCG enzyme on PET depolymerization?
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It decreased the efficiency of depolymerization. |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 14 |
If the initial mass of PET before enzymatic treatment in a bioreactor was 500 grams and 96.9% mass was lost due to depolymerization, what is the final mass of PET?
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25 grams |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 15 |
Considering the average crystallinity of PET fibers after treatment is 9.7%, what would be the crystallinity if the process conditions were unaltered but the drop distance doubled?
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14.55% |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 16 |
If the surface area to volume ratio of PET increased 15-fold due to processing, and the initial ratio was 0.1 mm²/mm³, what is the new ratio?
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2.0 mm²/mm³ |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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What is a major advantage of the melt fiber spinning system over traditional recycling methods?
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Reduces the need for high capital investment |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 18 |
What does the term 'amorphous content' refer to in the context of PET recycling?
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The amount of impurities in PET |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 19 |
What is the primary benefit of reducing the crystallinity of PET in recycling processes?
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It increases the melting point of PET. |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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| 20 |
Which measurement technique was used to assess the polymer spectra to confirm the presence of PET?
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X-ray Diffraction |
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จากงานวิจัยดังข้อ11
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