โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary role of transition metal ion catalysts in the catalytic ozonation process for nanoplastic removal?

Transition metal ions can catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O₃) into more reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). These radicals are highly effective in breaking down organic pollutants, including nanoplastics, into smaller, less harmful components. This catalytic process enhances the efficiency of ozonation by increasing the production of these reactive radicals, leading to more effective removal of nanoplastics from the environment.

The primary role of transition metal ion catalysts in the catalytic ozonation process for nanoplastic removal.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
According to the article, what was the observed effect of using Co2+ at 1 mM on the mineralization rate of polystyrene nanoplastics during ozonation?

This indicates that Co²⁺ significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ozonation process for breaking down polystyrene nanoplastics.

the observed effect of using Co2+ at 1 mM on the mineralization rate of polystyrene nanoplastics during ozonation

โจทย์ ปรนัย
In the context of nanoplastics removal, what does the scavenger experiment with methanol demonstrate about the catalytic ozonation process?

Methanol is commonly used as a hydroxyl radical scavenger in such experiments. By reacting with hydroxyl radicals, methanol reduces their availability, thereby showing the importance of these radicals in the catalytic ozonation process. If the removal efficiency of nanoplastics decreases in the presence of methanol, it indicates that hydroxyl radicals are crucial for effective degradation of the nanoplastics.

Methanol Interferes With The Generation Of Hydroxyl Radicals

โจทย์ ปรนัย
If the initial concentration of nanoplastics is 20 mg/L and the catalytic ozonation achieves a 70% mineralization rate, what is the concentration of remaining nanoplastics?

1.Calculate the amount of nanoplastics removed: A 70% mineralization rate means that 70% of the initial concentration is removed. Amount removed = 70% of 20 mg/L = 0.70 × 20 mg/L = 14 mg/L. 2.Determine the concentration of remaining nanoplastics: Initial concentration = 20 mg/L. Concentration removed = 14 mg/L. Concentration remaining = Initial concentration - Concentration removed. Concentration remaining = 20 mg/L - 14 mg/L = 6 mg/L. So, the concentration of remaining nanoplastics is 6 mg/L.

Concentration remaining = Initial concentration - Concentration removed.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Given an ozone flow rate of 0.5 NL/min and an ozonation time of 120 minutes, how much ozone (in grams) has been used if the ozone concentration is 10 mg/NL?

1. Determine the total volume of ozone used - Ozone flow rate = 0.5 NL/min (Normal liters per minute). - Ozonation time = 120 minutes. - Total volume of ozone = Flow rate × Time - Total volume = 0.5 NL/min × 120 min = 60 NL. 2. Calculate the total amount of ozone in milligrams - Ozone concentration = 10 mg/NL. - Total amount of ozone (in mg) = Concentration × Total volume - Total amount = 10 mg/NL × 60 NL = 600 mg. 3. Convert the total amount from milligrams to grams - 1 gram = 1000 milligrams. - Total amount (in grams) = Total amount (in mg) ÷ 1000 - Total amount = 600 mg ÷ 1000 = 0.6 grams. So, the amount of ozone used is 0.6 grams.

calculate the amount of ozone used in grams

โจทย์ ปรนัย
If reducing the turbidity of water by catalytic ozonation with Co2+ from 100 NTU to 35 NTU represents a 65% reduction, what was the original turbidity?

1.Understand the percentage reduction formula 2.Rearrange the formula to solve for the Original Turbidity 3.Substitute the given values

Percentage Reduction= [(Original Turbidity−Reduced Turbidity)/Original Turbidity] ×100

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is a major benefit of catalytic ozonation over single ozonation in water treatment?

Catalytic ozonation typically involves using a catalyst to enhance the breakdown of ozone (O₃) into more reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). These radicals are highly effective at degrading organic pollutants, including nanoplastics, into smaller, less harmful components. This leads to more efficient mineralization and overall better treatment performance compared to single ozonation, which relies solely on ozone without the catalytic enhancement.

a major benefit of catalytic ozonation over single ozonation in water treatment

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which of the following is NOT a transition metal ion used as a catalyst in the study?

Ca²⁺ (Calcium ion) is NOT a transition metal ion and therefore is not typically used as a catalyst in the study of catalytic ozonation processes.The other ions listed—Fe³⁺ (Iron), Co²⁺ (Cobalt), Ni²⁺ (Nickel), and Zn²⁺ (Zinc)—are transition metals or are part of the transition metal series and are commonly used as catalysts in such processes.

A transition metal ion used as a catalyst in the study.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What environmental issue does the removal of nanoplastics address?

The removal of nanoplastics primarily addresses the reduction of water pollution. Nanoplastics, being a form of microplastic, are a significant pollutant in aquatic environments. Their removal helps to improve water quality, protect aquatic life, and reduce the potential for these particles to enter the food chain.

Environmental issue and nanoplastics

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What analytical technique is NOT mentioned as used for monitoring the degradation of nanoplastics?

The other techniques listed—Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Turbidity Measurements, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analysis, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry—are frequently used to analyze and monitor various aspects of nanoplastic degradation, such as changes in particle size, removal efficiency, and organic content. Mass spectrometry, while valuable for detailed molecular analysis, is less commonly used specifically for routine monitoring of nanoplastic degradation.

nanoplastics

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What effect does the melt fiber spinning system have on the crystallinity of PET fibers?

During the melt spinning process, PET fibers are extruded and rapidly cooled. This rapid cooling, along with the stretching of the fibers during spinning, promotes the formation of crystalline regions within the fibers. This process enhances the crystallinity of the PET fibers, improving their mechanical properties and stability.

PET fibers

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What role does the spooling speed play in the fiber spinning system described in the article?

-

the fiber spinning system

โจทย์ ปรนัย
According to the article, what was the impact of using the LCC-ICCG enzyme on PET depolymerization?

The LCC-ICCG enzyme is noted for its enhanced ability to break down PET into its monomeric components, thereby improving the efficiency of PET depolymerization compared to other methods or enzymes.

The LCC-ICCG enzyme on PET depolymerization.

โจทย์ ปรนัย
If the initial mass of PET before enzymatic treatment in a bioreactor was 500 grams and 96.9% mass was lost due to depolymerization, what is the final mass of PET?

1.Calculate the mass lost due to depolymerization 2.Determine the final mass of PET

1.Mass lost = Initial mass × Percentage mass lost 2. Final mass = Initial mass - Mass lost

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Considering the average crystallinity of PET fibers after treatment is 9.7%, what would be the crystallinity if the process conditions were unaltered but the drop distance doubled?

Given the context that doubling the drop distance typically increases crystallinity due to extended cooling time, the most reasonable assumption is that the crystallinity of PET fibers would increase, assuming other conditions remain the same.

PET fibers

โจทย์ ปรนัย
If the surface area to volume ratio of PET increased 15-fold due to processing, and the initial ratio was 0.1 mm²/mm³, what is the new ratio?

1. Identify the initial ratio 2. Determine the increase in the ratio 3. Calculate the new ratio

New ratio = Initial ratio × Increase factor

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is a major advantage of the melt fiber spinning system over traditional recycling methods?

The melt fiber spinning system allows for controlled conditions during the spinning process, including temperature and stretching, which promotes higher crystallinity in PET fibers. This results in improved mechanical properties and stability compared to PET produced through traditional recycling methods.

Produces Higher Crystallinity PET

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What does the term 'amorphous content' refer to in the context of PET recycling?

Amorphous content in PET indicates the portion of the material that lacks a regular, ordered crystalline structure. In PET recycling, understanding and managing the amorphous content is important because it affects the material's physical properties, such as mechanical strength and thermal behavior. A higher amorphous content typically means the PET has less structural order, which can influence the final product's quality and performance.

PET recycling

โจทย์ ปรนัย
What is the primary benefit of reducing the crystallinity of PET in recycling processes?

Lower crystallinity in PET typically leads to a more amorphous structure, which can make the material more accessible to enzymatic action. Enzymes that break down PET generally target the less ordered, amorphous regions more effectively than the highly crystalline areas. Therefore, reducing the crystallinity can improve the efficiency of enzymatic degradation, making the recycling process more effective.

PET in recycling processes

โจทย์ ปรนัย
Which measurement technique was used to assess the polymer spectra to confirm the presence of PET?

FTIR is widely used to identify and confirm the presence of specific polymers like PET by analyzing the characteristic vibrational modes of functional groups within the polymer. This technique provides a distinct spectral fingerprint for PET, allowing for accurate identification and analysis of the polymer.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy