| 1 |
What is the primary role of transition metal ion catalysts in the catalytic ozonation process for nanoplastic removal?
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To facilitate the decomposition of O3 and generate active free radicals |
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These substances help make ozone highly reactive, allowing it to break down nanoplastics.
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Transition metal ion catalysts play an important role in catalytic ozonation processes.
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| 2 |
According to the article, what was the observed effect of using Co2+ at 1 mM on the mineralization rate of polystyrene nanoplastics during ozonation?
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Increased mineralization rate by 70% |
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Co²⁺ increases the reaction rate between ozone and polystyrene, making the decomposition faster and more efficient.
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| 3 |
In the context of nanoplastics removal, what does the scavenger experiment with methanol demonstrate about the catalytic ozonation process?
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Methanol interferes with the generation of hydroxyl radicals |
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If methanol is added to the catalytic ozonation process, it reacts with and neutralizes hydroxyl radicals, allowing them to break down nanoplastics.
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| 4 |
If the initial concentration of nanoplastics is 20 mg/L and the catalytic ozonation achieves a 70% mineralization rate, what is the concentration of remaining nanoplastics?
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6 mg/L |
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Amount mineralized= 20mg/L x 0.70= 14mg/L
Then 20mg - 14mg= 6mg
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Amount mineralized= Initial concentration x Mineralization rate
Remaining concentration= Initial concentration − Amount mineralized
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| 5 |
Given an ozone flow rate of 0.5 NL/min and an ozonation time of 120 minutes, how much ozone (in grams) has been used if the ozone concentration is 10 mg/NL?
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0.6 grams |
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Total volume= 0.5NL/min x 120min= 60NL
Find mass of ozone= 60NL x 10mg/NL= 600mg
So, 600mg = 0.6 grams
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Total volume= Flow rate x Time
Mass of ozone= Total volume x Concentration
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| 6 |
If reducing the turbidity of water by catalytic ozonation with Co2+ from 100 NTU to 35 NTU represents a 65% reduction, what was the original turbidity?
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100 NTU |
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The statement already tell that it reduce from 100 NTU
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use the Percentage reduction formulae to check the answer
(Original turbidity− final turbidity/ original ) x 100
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| 7 |
What is a major benefit of catalytic ozonation over single ozonation in water treatment?
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It provides higher mineralization rates |
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The pronation often used of metal catalyst, which increases the efficiency of ozone to breaking down contaminants
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higher mineralization rates, meaning that contaminants are broken down more efficiently into simpler, including minerals. That is an advantage in improving water quality.
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| 8 |
Which of the following is NOT a transition metal ion used as a catalyst in the study?
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Ca2+ |
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is not a transition metal and does not show the same catalytic properties.
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use of Metal classification to identify the electron
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| 9 |
What environmental issue does the removal of nanoplastics address?
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Reduction of water pollution |
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Nanoplastics are tiny plastic particles, by removing them can reduce water pollution and thereby improving the quality of water
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| 10 |
What analytical technique is NOT mentioned as used for monitoring the degradation of nanoplastics?
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Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) |
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GPC is not suitable for monitoring the degradation of nanoplastics. GPC focuses on the size and molecular weight separation of polymers, but does not focus on the degradation or chemical changes resulting from the degradation of nanoplastics.
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GPC used for separation and analysis of compounds based on their molecular size.
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| 11 |
What effect does the melt fiber spinning system have on the crystallinity of PET fibers?
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It increases the crystallinity significantly. |
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The use of PET by melting and rapid cooling in the spinning process increases the crystallinity of PET fibers, which has a positive effect on the mechanical and technical properties of the fibers.
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PET will rapidly melt cooled during fiber spinning, giving the PET molecules less time to rearrange into a crystalline form.
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| 12 |
What role does the spooling speed play in the fiber spinning system described in the article?
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Higher spooling speeds lead to lower crystallinity and smaller fiber diameters. |
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High speed results in smaller fiber diameters and reduced crystallinity, which can affect mechanical properties.
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Molecular elongation, cooling, fiber tension and control of fiber properties help explain why high spinning speeds affect fibers.
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| 13 |
According to the article, what was the impact of using the LCC-ICCG enzyme on PET depolymerization?
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It significantly increased the monomer release from PET. |
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LCC-ICCG enzyme has a clear effect on increasing monomer release from PET, thus playing a role in PET recycling.
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Due to its ability to accelerate hydrolysis reactions
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| 14 |
If the initial mass of PET before enzymatic treatment in a bioreactor was 500 grams and 96.9% mass was lost due to depolymerization, what is the final mass of PET?
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15.5 grams |
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Mass lost= 500grams x 96.9/100= 484.5grams
Final mass= 500grams - 484.5grams= 15.5grams
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Mass lost= Initial Mass x Percentage Lost
Final Mass= Initial Mass - Mass Lost
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| 15 |
Considering the average crystallinity of PET fibers after treatment is 9.7%, what would be the crystallinity if the process conditions were unaltered but the drop distance doubled?
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19.4% |
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2 x 9.7%= 19.4%
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| 16 |
If the surface area to volume ratio of PET increased 15-fold due to processing, and the initial ratio was 0.1 mm²/mm³, what is the new ratio?
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1.5 mm²/mm³ |
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New ratio= 0.1 mm^2/mm^3 x 15
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| 17 |
What is a major advantage of the melt fiber spinning system over traditional recycling methods?
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Produces higher crystallinity PET |
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Melt spinning allows for controllable processing and cooling rates, which can increase the crystallinity of PET fibers.
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Cooling of PET results in the orderly arrangement of molecules and improves the mechanical properties of PET fibers.
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| 18 |
What does the term 'amorphous content' refer to in the context of PET recycling?
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The unstructured, non-crystalline state of PET |
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Amorphous content refers to the portion of PET that is in a non-crystalline and disordered state, which affects the physical properties and recycling behavior.
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Amorphous is arranged randomly and disorderly.
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| 19 |
What is the primary benefit of reducing the crystallinity of PET in recycling processes?
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It enhances the enzymatic degradation efficiency. |
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The reduction of crystallinity of PET in the recycling process has the main benefit of increasing the efficiency of enzymatic degradation, which facilitates the destruction of PET.
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use of molecular structure and accessibility of enzymes
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| 20 |
Which measurement technique was used to assess the polymer spectra to confirm the presence of PET?
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
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FTIR can evaluate the spectrum of polymers to confirm the presence of PET, has the ability to provide specific information about the functional groups of PET and detailed infrared absorption analysis.
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