| 1 |
What is the primary role of gallic acid in sustainable packaging as discussed in the article?
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To enhance mechanical strength and UV barrier properties |
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Gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, is used in sustainable packaging to improve the performance characteristics of the materials. It can contribute to better mechanical strength and provide protection against UV radiation, which helps extend the longevity and effectiveness of the packaging. |
Gallic acid |
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| 2 |
According to the article, what effect does gallic acid have on the biodegradability of chitosan films?
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It increases biodegradability |
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Gallic acid enhances the biodegradation process by promoting microbial activity and breakdown of the chitosan material. This results in improved environmental sustainability of the chitosan-based films. |
Gallic acid |
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| 3 |
How does gallic acid impact the antimicrobial properties of packaging materials?
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It has a synergistic effect with nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial properties |
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Gallic acid, when combined with nanoparticles, often boosts the antimicrobial effectiveness of the packaging materials. This synergy improves the ability of the packaging to inhibit microbial growth, contributing to better preservation and extended shelf life of the products. |
gallic acid |
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| 4 |
If gallic acid improves oxygen scavenging capacity by 120 mg O2 per gram, how much oxygen can 10 grams of gallic acid scavenge?
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1200 mg O2 |
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1.Given Information
2.Calculate the total oxygen scavenging capacity for 10 grams |
Total oxygen scavenged=Scavenging capacity per gram×Amount of gallic acid |
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| 5 |
Given that adding gallic acid at 0.5% to a polymer increases its tensile strength by 15%, how much would the tensile strength increase if 2% gallic acid is added, assuming the relationship is linear?
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60% |
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1.Determine the tensile strength increase per percentage of gallic acid
2.Calculate the tensile strength increase for 2% gallic acid |
เทียบบัญญัติไตรยางค์ |
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| 6 |
If the water vapor permeability of a packaging film decreases by 10% with each 0.1% increase in gallic acid content, what is the decrease in permeability when the content is increased from 0.1% to 0.5%?
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40% |
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1.Determine the total increase in gallic acid content
2.Calculate the number of 0.1% increments within the 0.4% increase
3.Calculate the total decrease in permeability |
gallic acid |
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| 7 |
What is a significant benefit of using gallic acid in food packaging according to the article?
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It significantly extends the shelf life of food products |
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Gallic acid is known for its antioxidant properties, which help in protecting food from oxidation and degradation, thus improving the longevity and freshness of the packaged food. |
gallic acid in food packaging |
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| 8 |
Which of the following is not a property affected by gallic acid in food packaging materials?
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Aroma of the food product |
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Gallic acid is known for enhancing properties like antimicrobial activity, UV barrier properties, tensile strength, and oxygen scavenging capacity. However, it does not directly influence the aroma of the food product.
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gallic acid in food packaging materials |
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| 9 |
What sustainability challenge does gallic acid address when used in packaging?
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Reducing plastic waste and enhancing biodegradability |
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Gallic acid, as a natural compound with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, can be incorporated into packaging materials to improve their environmental impact. It helps enhance the biodegradability of the packaging, making it a more sustainable option compared to traditional plastic packaging that contributes to plastic waste. |
Reducing Plastic Waste And Enhancing Biodegradability |
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| 10 |
Which of the following is a future research direction for gallic acid mentioned in the article?
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Exploring its pro-oxidative activities and interactions with food |
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This research would involve studying how gallic acid might influence oxidative processes and its potential interactions with food products, which could impact its effectiveness and safety in packaging applications. |
Exploring Its Pro-Oxidative Activities And Interactions With Food |
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| 11 |
What is the primary reason CCUS is considered essential for achieving carbon neutrality in India by 2070?
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To manage and reduce CO2 emissions from heavy industries. |
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CCUS technologies are crucial for capturing CO2 emissions from industrial processes that are challenging to decarbonize completely, such as cement, steel, and chemical production. By capturing and either utilizing or storing these emissions, CCUS helps to mitigate the impact of industries that are significant sources of greenhouse gases, playing a key role in India's strategy for achieving carbon neutrality. |
CCUS |
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| 12 |
According to the article, how does the Indian government aim to support the implementation of CCUS technology?
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By providing subsidies and funding for CCUS research and development. |
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This approach helps to accelerate the development and deployment of CCUS technologies by reducing financial barriers and encouraging innovation in the field. |
the Indian government aim to support the implementation of CCUS technology |
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| 13 |
What are the anticipated benefits of integrating CCUS technology in thermal power plants by 2030?
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Significant reduction in CO2 emissions contributing to decarbonization goals. |
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CCUS technology helps capture and either utilize or store CO2 emissions from power plants, thereby significantly reducing the carbon footprint of coal-fired and other fossil fuel-based power plants, and contributing to broader decarbonization objectives. While it does not completely eliminate CO2 emissions, it plays a crucial role in reducing overall emissions and supporting climate goals. |
CCUS technology |
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| 14 |
If a CCUS facility captures 2 million metric tonnes of CO2 annually from a power plant, how much CO2 is captured in 5 years?
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10 million metric tonnes |
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1.Annual CO2 capture: 2 million metric tonnes
2.Number of years: 5
Multiply the annual capture by the number of years
Total CO2 captured=2 million metric tonnes/year×5years=10 million metric tonnes |
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| 15 |
Given the current rate of CO2 emissions reduction targets, if India needs to reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 from a baseline of 3 billion metric tonnes, what will be the target emissions per year by 2050?
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1.5 billion metric tonnes |
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1.Baseline emissions: 3 billion metric tonnes
2.Reduction target: 50%
Calculate the reduction amount
Reduction=Baseline emissions×Reduction percentage=3billion metric tonnes×0.50=1.5billion metric tonnes |
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| 16 |
If CO2 emissions from the power sector are reduced by 25% from an initial value of 1200 mtpa due to CCUS, what are the new emission levels?
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900 mtpa |
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1.Initial CO2 emissions: 1200 mtpa
2.Reduction percentage: 25%
Calculate the reduction amount
Reduction=Initial emissions×Reduction percentage=1200 mtpa×0.25=300 mtpa
New emission levels=Initial emissions−Reduction=1200 mtpa−300 mtpa=900 mtpa |
New emission levels=Initial emissions−Reduction
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| 17 |
What is the main driver for the adoption of CCUS technology in India?
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To meet international climate agreements. |
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India, like many countries, is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to meet targets set under international climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement. CCUS technology is a critical component in achieving these targets by helping to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from major sources like power plants and heavy industries. |
CCUS technology in India |
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| 18 |
What sector is anticipated to benefit most from CCUS according to the article?
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Heavy industry |
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Heavy industries, such as cement, steel, and chemical production, are major sources of CO2 emissions and are often challenging to decarbonize fully. CCUS technology is particularly beneficial for these sectors as it helps capture and either utilize or store the CO2 emissions, thereby reducing their carbon footprint and supporting overall climate goals. |
Anticipated to benefit most from CCUS . |
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| 19 |
Which technology is critical for achieving India's climate goals according to the article?
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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage |
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CCUS is essential for significantly reducing CO2 emissions from sectors that are difficult to fully decarbonize, such as heavy industry and power generation, thus playing a crucial role in meeting India's climate targets and commitments.
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Carbon Capture, Utilization, And Storage in India. |
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| 20 |
What is the expected impact of CCUS on India's CO2 emissions by 2050?
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Decrease by 50% |
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CCUS technology is projected to significantly reduce CO2 emissions by capturing and storing or utilizing the CO2 produced by major industrial processes, thus helping India achieve its climate goals and reduce its overall carbon footprint. |
The expected impact of CCUS on India's CO2 emissions by 2050. |
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