| 1 |
What is the primary advantage of using cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA)?
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Lowers production cost |
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| 2 |
Which property of CMA is significantly improved by the addition of CLR?
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Tensile strength |
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| 3 |
If the tensile strength of CMA increases by 26% due to the addition of CLR and the original tensile strength was 5 MPa, what is the new tensile strength?
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6.3 MPa |
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the new tensile strength = (the tensile strength of CMA increases * the original tensile strength) + the original tensile strength |
the new tensile strength = (26/100 * 5) + 5
the new tensile strength = 1.3 + 5
the new tensile strength = 6.3 |
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| 4 |
Given that the rut depth decreases by 70% when CLR is added to CMA and the original rut depth was 10 mm, what is the new rut depth?
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3 mm |
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the new rut depth = the original rut depth - (the rut depth decreases * the original rut depth) |
the new rut depth = 10 - (70/100 * 10)
the new rut depth = 10 - 7
the new rut depth =3 |
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| 5 |
If the CMA with CLR has a TSR (Tensile Strength Ratio) value of 104% and the minimum requirement is 80%, by what percentage does the TSR exceed the requirement?
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30% |
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Exceedance Percentage = (TSR Value - Minimum Requirement) / Minimum Requirement * 100
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Exceedance Percentage = {(104 - 80%) / 80%} * 100
Exceedance Percentage = (24% / 80%) * 100
Exceedance Percentage = 0.3 * 100
Exceedance Percentage = 30%
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| 6 |
What is the potential increase in moisture damage resistance for CMA-CR compared to conventional CMA if the improvement is 12%?
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12% |
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| 7 |
If the shear resistance of CLR-modified CMA increases due to the membrane effect, which physical property is most directly influenced?
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Tensile strength |
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| 8 |
The viscosity of CLR-modified bitumen at 135°C is 1.16 Pa·s. If the shear rate is 50 s^-1, what is the shear stress?
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58 Pa |
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Shear stress = viscosity * shear rate |
Shear stress = 1.16Pa•s *50s^-1= 58Pa |
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| 9 |
If the mass loss in the Cantabro test for CMA-CR is 14.6% and the maximum accepted limit is 20%, by how much does CMA-CR fall below the limit?
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5.4% |
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Mass loss of CMA-CR - Maximum accepted limit |
20% - 14.6% = 5.4% |
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| 10 |
What is the significance of using cup lump rubber in the context of environmental sustainability?
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It helps in lowering carbon emissions during production. |
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| 11 |
What is one of the emerging trends affecting China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies?
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Increased production cost |
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| 12 |
What is the proportion of natural gas pipelines in the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022?
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60% |
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As of 2022, natural gas pipelines accounted for more than 60% of the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022 |
As of 2022, natural gas pipelines accounted for more than 60% of the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022 |
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| 13 |
If the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China is 180,000 km, how many kilometers are dedicated to natural gas pipelines?
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108,000 km |
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180,000km * 0.60 = 108,000km |
180,000km * 0.60 = 108,000km |
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| 14 |
According to the article, if the target length for oil and gas pipelines is 210,000 km by 2025, how many kilometers need to be constructed from the 2022 total?
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30,000 km |
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210,000km - 180,000km = 30,000km |
210,000km - 180,000km = 30,000km |
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| 15 |
If the failure rate of oil and gas pipelines in Europe is 0.29 per year per hundred kilometers, what is the failure rate per year for a pipeline network of 1,000 kilometers?
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2.9 failures |
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Failure rate per year per hundred kilometers = 0.29
Failure rate per year per kilometer = 0.29/100 = 0.0029
For a 1,000-kilometer pipeline network:
Failure rate per year for 1,000 kilometers = 0.0029 * 1,000 = 2.9 |
Failure rate per year per hundred kilometers = 0.29
Failure rate per year per kilometer = 0.29/100 = 0.0029
For a 1,000-kilometer pipeline network:
Failure rate per year for 1,000 kilometers = 0.0029 * 1,000 = 2.9 |
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| 16 |
What is one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to the article?
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Oil theft through drilling |
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One of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China is construction damage |
One of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China is construction damage |
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| 17 |
Assuming the failure rate in the United States is 0.14 per year per hundred kilometers, calculate the expected number of failures per year for a 1,500 kilometers pipeline network.
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2.1 failures |
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Failure rate per year per hundred kilometers = 0.14
Failure rate per year per kilometer = 0.14/100 = 0.0014
For a 1,500-kilometer pipeline network:
Failure rate per year for 1,500 kilometers = 0.0014 * 1,500 = 2.1 |
Failure rate per year per hundred kilometers = 0.14
Failure rate per year per kilometer = 0.14/100 = 0.0014
For a 1,500-kilometer pipeline network:
Failure rate per year for 1,500 kilometers = 0.0014 * 1,500 = 2.1 |
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| 18 |
If a pipeline defect inspection technology improves detection efficiency by 25% and the current detection efficiency is 80%, what will be the new detection efficiency?
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100% |
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Current detection efficiency = 80%
Improvement = 25% of current efficiency = 0.25 * 80% = 20%
New detection efficiency = 80% + 20% = 100% |
Current detection efficiency = 80%
Improvement = 25% of current efficiency = 0.25 * 80% = 20%
New detection efficiency = 80% + 20% = 100% |
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| 19 |
If a vibration signal monitoring system faces a 15% reduction in noise levels due to a new technology and the original noise level was 200 units, what is the new noise level?
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170 units |
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1.Calculate 15% of the original noise level.
2.Subtract this value from the original noise level. |
0.15 * 200 = 30
200 - 30 = 170 |
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| 20 |
For a hydrogen pipeline with an embrittlement rate of 0.05% per year, calculate the total embrittlement after 10 years.
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0.5% |
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Calculate the total embrittlement rate over 10 years |
0.05% * 10 = 0.5%
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