| 1 |
What is the primary advantage of using cup lump rubber (CLR) in cold mix asphalt (CMA)?
|
Improves functional properties of the asphalt |
|
Functional Properties: CLR enhances several performance characteristics of asphalt, including improved durability, increased flexibility, and better resistance to cracking and deformation. This makes the asphalt more effective in various environmental conditions and heavy traffic situations. |
Studies on the impact of crumb rubber additives on asphalt performance.
Knowledge of the benefits of using additives in construction materials. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 2 |
Which property of CMA is significantly improved by the addition of CLR?
|
Tensile strength |
|
Tensile Strength: The addition of CLR to CMA typically enhances the tensile strength of the asphalt mixture. CLR acts as an additive that can improve the bonding properties and overall durability of the asphalt, leading to better resistance to deformation and cracking. |
Research on the effects of crumb rubber on asphalt properties.
Understanding of how additives improve the performance of asphalt materials. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 3 |
If the tensile strength of CMA increases by 26% due to the addition of CLR and the original tensile strength was 5 MPa, what is the new tensile strength?
|
6.3 MPa |
|
Increase Calculation: Multiply the original tensile strength by the percentage increase to find the amount of increase.
New Tensile Strength: Add the calculated increase to the original tensile strength. |
Basic percentage calculations.
Understanding of tensile strength and its adjustments. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 4 |
Given that the rut depth decreases by 70% when CLR is added to CMA and the original rut depth was 10 mm, what is the new rut depth?
|
3 mm |
|
Reduction Calculation: Find 70% of the original rut depth to determine how much the rut depth is reduced.
New Rut Depth: Subtract the reduction from the original rut depth. |
Basic percentage reduction calculations.
Understanding of rut depth and its modifications. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 5 |
If the CMA with CLR has a TSR (Tensile Strength Ratio) value of 104% and the minimum requirement is 80%, by what percentage does the TSR exceed the requirement?
|
30% |
|
Excess TSR Calculation: First, find the difference between the TSR and the minimum requirement.
Percentage Calculation: Then, express this difference as a percentage of the minimum requirement to find how much it exceeds the requirement in relative terms. |
Basic percentage calculations.
Understanding of TSR metrics and requirements. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 6 |
What is the potential increase in moisture damage resistance for CMA-CR compared to conventional CMA if the improvement is 12%?
|
12% |
|
When it is stated that there is a 12% improvement in moisture damage resistance, this percentage directly indicates the increase in resistance. This means CMA-CR has a 12% better resistance to moisture damage compared to conventional CMA. |
Percentage calculations.
Understanding of performance improvement metrics. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 7 |
If the shear resistance of CLR-modified CMA increases due to the membrane effect, which physical property is most directly influenced?
|
Viscosity |
|
Shear resistance in materials such as asphalt is closely related to viscosity, which measures a fluid's internal resistance to flow. An increase in shear resistance indicates that the material is more resistant to deformation under shear forces, which directly affects its viscosity. |
Principles of rheology and viscosity in fluid mechanics.
Effects of additives on asphalt performance. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 8 |
The viscosity of CLR-modified bitumen at 135°C is 1.16 Pa·s. If the shear rate is 50 s^-1, what is the shear stress?
|
58 Pa |
|
Shear stress is calculated by multiplying the viscosity of a fluid by its shear rate. This relationship is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics and rheology. |
Basic fluid mechanics principles.
Viscosity and shear stress relationship. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 9 |
If the mass loss in the Cantabro test for CMA-CR is 14.6% and the maximum accepted limit is 20%, by how much does CMA-CR fall below the limit?
|
5.4% |
|
The difference between the maximum acceptable mass loss limit and the actual mass loss provides the amount by which the sample falls below the limit. This is a straightforward subtraction problem. |
Basic arithmetic for calculating differences.
Understanding of Cantabro test standards and limits. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 10 |
What is the significance of using cup lump rubber in the context of environmental sustainability?
|
It helps in lowering carbon emissions during production. |
|
This is a type of recycled rubber derived from used tires. Incorporating it into asphalt or other products can help reduce the need for virgin materials and can lower the carbon footprint of production processes. The recycling of rubber helps in reducing waste and decreasing the environmental impact associated with the disposal of used tires. |
Environmental benefits of using recycled materials in construction.
Studies on the impact of recycled rubber on production emissions. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 11 |
What is one of the emerging trends affecting China's oil and gas pipeline development strategies?
|
Digitization |
|
This trend involves incorporating digital technologies into pipeline operations and management. It includes advancements such as real-time monitoring, data analytics, and automated systems to enhance efficiency, safety, and reliability. Digitization helps in better management of pipeline networks, predictive maintenance, and improved operational decision-making. |
Industry reports and trends in pipeline technology.
The role of digital technologies in infrastructure management. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 12 |
What is the proportion of natural gas pipelines in the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China as of 2022?
|
70% |
|
The proportion is calculated by dividing the length of natural gas pipelines by the total length of all pipelines and then converting this proportion to a percentage. |
Percentage calculation and conversion.
Understanding of infrastructure distribution. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 13 |
If the total length of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China is 180,000 km, how many kilometers are dedicated to natural gas pipelines?
|
126,000 km |
|
You calculate the length dedicated to natural gas by applying the proportion dedicated to it. This requires knowing or assuming the proportion of the total length allocated to natural gas pipelines. |
Percentage and proportion calculations.
Understanding of pipeline distribution in infrastructure contexts. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 14 |
According to the article, if the target length for oil and gas pipelines is 210,000 km by 2025, how many kilometers need to be constructed from the 2022 total?
|
50,000 km |
|
The calculation involves subtracting the existing length from the target length to determine the additional amount required. |
Basic arithmetic operations for calculating differences.
Understanding of pipeline expansion targets. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 15 |
If the failure rate of oil and gas pipelines in Europe is 0.29 per year per hundred kilometers, what is the failure rate per year for a pipeline network of 1,000 kilometers?
|
2.9 failures |
|
The failure rate is first converted to a per-kilometer basis, and then multiplied by the total length of the pipeline to determine the expected number of failures. |
Basic principles of rate conversions.
Application of failure rates to different pipeline lengths. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 16 |
What is one of the main causes of oil and gas pipeline failures in China according to the article?
|
Oil theft through drilling |
|
In many regions, including China, unauthorized drilling or tapping into pipelines for theft can lead to significant damage and failure of the pipeline infrastructure. This type of theft often involves drilling into the pipeline, which can compromise its integrity and lead to leaks or ruptures. |
Reports and studies on causes of pipeline failures, including issues related to theft and unauthorized access. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 17 |
Assuming the failure rate in the United States is 0.14 per year per hundred kilometers, calculate the expected number of failures per year for a 1,500 kilometers pipeline network.
|
2.1 failures |
|
The failure rate is first converted to a per-kilometer basis, and then multiplied by the total length of the pipeline to determine the expected number of failures. |
Basic principles of rate conversions.
Application of failure rates to different scales. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 18 |
If a pipeline defect inspection technology improves detection efficiency by 25% and the current detection efficiency is 80%, what will be the new detection efficiency?
|
100% |
|
The improvement is calculated based on the current efficiency, and this amount is added to the original efficiency to find the new value. Since the efficiency improves by a percentage of the current value, adding this improvement directly results in the new efficiency. |
Basic percentage improvement calculations.
Understanding how efficiency improvements are applied. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 19 |
If a vibration signal monitoring system faces a 15% reduction in noise levels due to a new technology and the original noise level was 200 units, what is the new noise level?
|
170 units |
|
By calculating 15% of the original noise level and subtracting it from the original value, you find the new noise level after the reduction. |
asic percentage calculations.
Understanding of how reductions affect initial values. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|
| 20 |
For a hydrogen pipeline with an embrittlement rate of 0.05% per year, calculate the total embrittlement after 10 years.
|
0.5% |
|
The embrittlement rate compounds annually, so the effect is slightly greater than a simple multiplication of the annual rate. By using the compounded formula, you account for the cumulative effect of embrittlement over multiple years. |
Principles of compound interest calculations.
Understanding of material degradation and embrittlement rates. |
7 |
-.50
-.25
+.25
เต็ม
0
-35%
+30%
+35%
|