| 1 |
What is hybrid micellar liquid chromatography primarily used for in the study?
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To detect commonly used pesticides in vegetables. |
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Hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC) is used to detect pesticides like imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and cypermethrin in green leafy vegetables |
"In this study, a hybrid HMLC-PDA method was developed and validated for simultaneous separation and detection of ICP, CPS, PFF and CP
in green leafy vegetables,which are the most common pesticides" This sentences is in page 2 in topic of Introduction you can see its clearly mentioned. |
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| 2 |
Which pesticide was found most commonly in the vegetable samples?
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Chlorpyrifos |
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Chlorpyrifos was found to be the most commonly used pesticide. |
"Chlorpyrifos was found to be the most commonly used pesticide among..." this what the Advances in Sample Preparation tell about the most commonly found its clearly mentioned the Chlorpyrifos. |
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| 3 |
What percentage of the vegetable samples tested were found to contain no detectable pesticides?
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16% |
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16% of the vegetable samples had no detectable pesticides |
" Sixteen percent of the collected samples were found to be negative for the selected pesticides." This sentences come from abstract as you can see it tell SIXTEEN. |
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| 4 |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the use of hybrid micellar liquid chromatography (HMLC)?
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It requires extensive solvent use. |
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HMLC is noted for using low amounts of toxic chemicals and providing rapid results, making it a "green" analytical method. |
"..... HMLC can be considered a green analytical method according to the indications given by National Environmental Method Index (NEMI)," This sentences shows in the introduction of Advances in Sample Preparation document. |
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| 5 |
What was the primary methodological change in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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Use of a micellar mobile phase with reduced solvent usage. |
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The study highlights the use of a micellar mobile phase that reduces solvent usage and allows for the injection of unfiltered vegetable extracts |
"The composition of the mobile phase is a modified aqueous micellar mobile phase with a major part of water, surfactant (above critical micellar concentration)." This come from introduction topic which I almost got deceived but then I find this sentences so I realize and I think this waht question need. |
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| 6 |
According to the study, why might vegetable growers prefer other pesticides over Imidacloprid (ICP)?
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ICP is more toxic to humans. |
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The study discusses that Imidacloprid is not preferred due to its higher environmental impact. |
some growers may prefer other pesticides due to the higher environmental impact of ICP we can find the answer in Advances in Sample Preparation document. |
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| 7 |
What is the major benefit of using ICP as a pesticide, according to the study?
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It is less toxic compared to many others. |
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It is less toxic compared to many others |
"....ICP can be considered a good alternative for those pesticides which cause toxicity...." This sentences come from introduction part in first pages in Advances in Sample Preparation document. After this I know that its also in pattern same as first part of this test because the first 7 question in part 2 is come from the same document. |
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| 8 |
What aspect of the pesticide detection method was focused on during the method validation phase?
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels. |
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Ensuring it can detect extremely low pesticide levels |
"The method was validated following the guidelines of the SANTE/11,312/2021 including limits of detection and quantification, precision, and trueness [27] , specifically devoted to the determination of pesticide residues in food and feed samples." The answer come from
3.3.2. Method validation of the same document . |
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| 9 |
Considering the environmental impacts discussed, why is the HMLC method considered 'green'?
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
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It involves less waste and uses low-toxicity solvents. |
"This saves time and money consumed in the stepwise extraction process for sample pre-treatment and reduces environmental pollution." This show in the introduction of page 2 in Advances in Sample Preparation document. |
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| 10 |
What is the importance of the photodiode array detector in the HMLC technique used in the study?
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
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It detects the presence of pesticides across a spectrum of wavelengths. |
"a photodiode array detector (SPD-M20A, 190–800 nm) and a Shimadzu C 18 analytical column (250 mm length × 4.6 mm with 5 μm particle size), injection volume 20 μL." as you can see in the bracket they detec the wavelenghts. |
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| 11 |
What is hyperthermia commonly used to treat?
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Cancer |
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Hyperthermia is used in cancer treatment to destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells |
"...body hyperthermia along with that of other cancer treatments might be possible." this seem to mention hyperthermia as a cancer treatment. This sentences is in page 4 in Side Effects of Regional and Whole-body Hyperthermia topic. |
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| 12 |
Which method is used to apply heat directly to a tumor in local hyperthermia?
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Microwaves are used to target and heat the tumor directly in local hyperthermia |
"Local hyperthermia is a technique in which heat is applied to a small area, such as tumor in a tissue, using different techniques
that deliver heat energy to the tumor. Different techniques were used to incorporate heat like as microwave, ultrasound and
radiofrequency. On the basis of tumor location, there are several approaches for local hyperthermia." This what I see in the first sentences of page 3 in Achievements in the Life Sciences document. |
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| 13 |
What is the primary benefit of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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Hyperthermia selectively destroys cancer cells with minimal harm to normal tissue. |
"Research has shown that elevated body temperature can damage and kill cancerous cells with minimal injury to normal cells" this sentences is in the introduction topic in the same document. |
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| 14 |
Hyperthermia is often used in combination with which of the following treatments?
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Hyperthermia is combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to enhance treatment effectiveness |
"Successful therapy method in combination with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy is provided to the cancer patient which proved to be beneficial to the patients." This mentioned in abstract of the same document and we can see the clear mention on radiation therapy and chemotheraphy. |
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| 15 |
What is the main challenge of using hyperthermia in cancer treatment?
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Reaching and maintaining the required temperature in the target area. |
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Maintaining the necessary temperature at the tumor site is a key challenge in hyperthermia treatment |
"To reach the elevated temperature approx 42°C at least in some parts of the body tumors require a power density of approx
20–40W/kg at the target region" This is the last sentences of introduction in same document as you can see its is the main challenges. |
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| 16 |
Which type of hyperthermia involves heating a larger region or the whole body?
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Whole-body hyperthermia |
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Whole-body hyperthermia heats the entire body, used for widespread cancers |
If you see the topic of Whole Body Hyperthermia in pages 4 you will find that they mention whole-body hyperthermia aims to elevate the temperature of the whole body. |
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| 17 |
What type of hyperthermia uses applicators inserted into or near a body cavity to deliver heat?
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Endocavitary hyperthermia |
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ndocavitary hyperthermia uses applicators near body cavities to apply heat directly to tumors |
"In this method, applicators were inserted within the tumor and in several cases heat therapy was administered along with
brachy therapy. " this in the topic of Interstitial and Endocavitary Hyperthermia in page 3 of thge same document. |
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| 18 |
What is a significant potential side effect of whole-body hyperthermia?
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Systemic stress affecting major organs |
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Whole-body hyperthermia can cause stress on major organs |
" Application of intubation for the safe administration is still under research. In interaction with the various an esthetics, as compared with local regional methods, an entirely different range of toxic effects arises from the systemic stress..." This come from
Whole Body Hyperthermia topic that mentioned in page 3 of the Achievements in the Life Sciences document. |
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| 19 |
Considering the physics of heat transfer, why is controlling hyperthermia challenging during treatment?
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Human tissue has varying thermal conductivities which affect heat distribution. |
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Varying thermal properties of human tissue make it hard to evenly distribute heat |
In topic of Treatment Planning and Simulation is mention that human tissue has varying thermal conductivities. |
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| 20 |
Why is hyperthermia considered a beneficial adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy?
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It makes cancer cells more susceptible to other treatments. |
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Hyperthermia increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy |
"Hyperthermia in addition to radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy is important when it is necessary to treat advanced or high-risk tumors, or to retreat a relapse in a pre-irradiated area. Hyperthermia appears to be the fourth pillar besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy." This sentences mentioned in the conclusion of Achievements in the Life Sciences document. |
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